Effect of Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema carpocapsae applied in different periods of soil infestation with larvae of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Cristhiane Rohde, Alcides Moino Junior, Marco Aurélio Tramontin da Silva, Fabiano Duarte Carvalho

Abstract


The Mediterranean Fruit Fly, (Ceratitis capitata) (Wiedemann) is considered one of the main pests of fruit culture around the world, causing significant losses in this sector.  This insect stays in the soil during a phase of life, where it becomes a target for entomopathogenic nematodes. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of  Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 and Steinernema carpocapsae All, applied alone or combined, and in different periods of soil infestation with larvae of C. capitata. For the first bioassay the treatments were: S. carpocapsae; Heterorhabditis sp.; S. carpocapsae + Heterorhabditis sp. (both applied immediately after the transfer of larvae); S. carpocapsae (applied immediately after the transfer of larvae) + Heterorhabditis sp. (applied 12 hours after the transfer of larvae); and S. carpocapsae (applied 12 hours after the transfer of larvae) + Heterorhabditis sp. (applied immediately after the transfer of larvae). For the second bioassay the treatments were: application of the nematodes, and then the soil infested with larvae; application of the nematode and after 24 hours soil infested with the larvae; soil infested with the larvae and then 24 hours after, application of the nematode. Ten C. capitata larvae were transferred to plastic jars (12 cm × 6 cm) containing 100 g soil, followed by the application of 3 mL of an aqueous suspension containing 125 JI cm-2. In control treatment was applied 3 mL of distilled water. The mortality’s evaluation was performed after five days later and was confirmed by symptom observations and corpse dissections. It was observed that Heterorhabditis sp. and S. carpocapsae were effective in controlling larvae of C. capitata when applied on the soil surface, alone or combined, with mortality rates ranging in 26 and 74%. For the range of application, S. carpocapsae was more efficient when applied immediately after the transfer of larvae to the soil, and 24 hours before to infestation (80 and 90% mortality, respectively). However, Heterorhabditis sp. was more efficient only when applied 24 hours before to infestation of the soil (90% mortality). 

Keywords


Biological control; fruit flies; mediterranean fruit fly

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5777/paet.v5i3.1647